Important versus vital records: The small percentage with a big impact
This whitepaper will help you define what your vital records are, understand the risks associated with inadequate preservation and evaluate storage options.
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Executive Summary
Although they number just a few percent of an organisation’s total record population, vital records and how you care for them can have a big impact on your business. These records require special preservation measures—ones that aren’t found in ordinary on- and offsite storage facilities. Whether a legal document, photograph, customer record, X-ray, blueprint, patent, corporate article, or one of-a-kind object, when it comes to vital records, storage is the single most important factor in determining their useful life.
How do you identify what records are vital to your organisation? What measures should you take to ensure their long-term protection? How does the material of which a record is made influence its longevity—and guide your choice of storage solution?
The question remains: Have you done enough to preserve your organisation’s vital and irreplaceable five percent? This white paper will help you define what your vital records are, understand the risks associated with inadequate preservation, evaluate storage options, and implement an effective vital records program for your organisation.
Introduction
Protection of vital records may be the least understood— or the least appreciated—area of records management. If you’re reading this white paper, chances are you already know a great deal about managing records. Certainly, this discipline has never been more critical, particularly in light of legislative and compliance requirements, such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002; the GrammLeach-Bliley Act (GLBA), also known as the Financial Services Modernisation Act of 1999; the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA); and the growing body of state and local mandates designed to protect information. In addition, new laws have increased the cost and risk associated with legal discovery processes—a particularly worrisome area in today’s litigious world.
And chances are you have devoted significant resources and effort to improving your records management strategy and procedures. But have you done enough?
One area of vulnerability for many organisations is ensuring the accessibility of records. Comprising just five percent of an organisation’s total record population, vital records are critical to enterprise operations. They may contain information needed to ensure business continuity during or shortly after a crisis, for example. Or they may document legal or financial status and preserve the rights of an organisation’s stakeholders. If vital records are managed properly, your organisation is protected. If they aren’t, you’re exposed to risks such as noncompliance, loss of asset value, and high costs associated with restoration and duplication.
“Vital” has a unique meaning when it comes to records. For example, your current checking account balance is a critical piece of information, but it’s dynamic and doesn’t need to be preserved for extended time periods. Therefore, it is not a vital record. Longevity is the fundamental differentiator between vital records and all others. Vital records have enduring value that must be preserved for years or even centuries. Storing them in a box on a shelf somewhere is simply not enough. The preservation process must ensure that vital records remain secure, accessible, and usable over these extreme time frames.
Vital records contain information organisations need to continue operations during or shortly after a crisis. Some document legal and financial status, such as contracts, patents, deeds, X-rays, laboratory notebooks, and blueprints. Others preserve the rights of stakeholders. Still others are one-of-a-kind items with historical significance. Vital records are often physical records, such as paper or film. And, as detailed in the following section, every organisation has a uniquely defined set of vital records.
Examples Of Vital Records
- Contracts
- Patents and intellectual property
- Leases
- Policy manuals
- Articles of incorporation
- Quality Assurance (QA) records
- Blueprints
- Drawings
- Maps
- Customer records
- Corporate papers
- Laboratory notebooks
- Policy or procedure manuals
- Deeds
- Audiotapes
- Videotapes
- Photographs and slides
- X-rays
- Advertisements
- Titles
- Cultural artifacts
Remember, what’s vital for one organisation may not be for another. Use your organisation’s mission as a guide for determining which records are truly vital.
Your Vital Records
Identifying records that are truly vital is the first step in the preservation process– and that determination will differ from organisation to organisation.
Start with your organisation’s mission and use that to guide the process of defining what is vital.
When approaching the process of defining vital records, it’s best to start with your organisation’s mission and use that as a guide. After all, you cannot afford to collect, label, and treat everything as vital; you must place your limited preservation resources where they are most needed. So it’s incredibly important to think about the elements that define and embody that mission—and which records will therefore require long-term preservation. Ask yourself the following:
- What’s important to carry forward for the historical record? What do you want the future to know about your organisation?
- What legal or regulatory requirements govern your organisation, and what records must be retained to comply?
- Will your organisation be able to reuse or repurpose items in the future?
- What records must be preserved to protect the rights of employees, customers, and shareholders?
- What needs to be preserved to ensure the continuity of business operations?
- What would the consequences be if certain classes of records were lost? What would your organisation be unable to do without them? Could normal functions take place?
- Can the records be replaced or reconstructed? At what cost?
Experience shows that if you don’t take this top-down approach, beginning with examining the mission, you’re at a distinct disadvantage—with little basis upon which to determine what’s important and how to create a plan.
How vital record preservation impacts organisational risk
Once you’ve done the difficult work of thinking through your organisation’s mission and using that to define which records are vital, tactical decisions about how to protect them are much more straightforward. Your focus should be on minimising and avoiding the risks associated with inadequate protection of vital records. And the key here is preserving access to, and usability of, your vital records.
Without proper preservation, records degrade over time and may be lost forever. The impact on your organisation can be severe. Consider the following risks:
- Loss of use, including the inability to produce a vital record during litigation or the ability to reuse/ repurpose the record to bring additional revenues into the organisation.
- Costs associated with the outright loss or recovery/ repair of improperly stored records. Paper may turn brittle and yellow, photographic images may fade, and film-based dyes can fade, become distorted, and shrink from “vinegar syndrome.” There’s no time to waste; materials are degrading while you are putting a plan in place. Costs associated with these types of losses will depend on the seriousness (or extent) of the damage
- Damage to corporate reputation, particularly in cases where shareholders have a reasonable expectation that records should have received the highest levels of protection and security.
- Negative impact on business continuance where inadequate analysis has been done to identify the probability of damage or loss of information and its impact on the business.
- Inability to comply with federal, state, local, and international regulations and mandates, including GDPR, SOX, GLBA, and HIPAA, and the increased corporate and personal liability associated with such failures.
- Increased exposure during litigation due to the inability to produce requested documentation throughout the discovery process.
“Without proper preservation, records degrade over time and may be lost forever.”
Vital records storage
Once you’ve identified your vital records and know what materials must be preserved, the next step is determining the best way to care for them. Storage is the single most important factor determining the useful life of modern information media. Many organisations use offsite storage for records management. These sites are secure, accessible, and offer the required redundancy. And they are perfectly adequate for standard record retention.
However, when it comes to vital records—records for which long-term survival must be ensured—traditional storage approaches are inadequate. Room temperature storage with unregulated humidity levels does not afford the special protection needed for vital records. As noted earlier, in uncontrolled environments with variable room temperatures and relative humidity levels, paper turns brittle, ink fades, and plastics may degrade quickly. In addition, standard storage does not afford maximum protection from catastrophic loss due to natural or man-made disasters, including fire, floods, tornadoes, and hurricanes. And, in many cases, it does not offer the highest levels of security needed for irreplaceable originals, such as works of art or special documents.
Proper preservation of vital records calls for a storage solution that provides the following highly specialised features:
- Subterranean facilities with high resistance to seismic activity, tornadoes, hurricanes, and other natural and man-made disasters.
- Controlled environments tailored to meet the special requirements of the materials to be preserved, most importantly highly stable temperatures and relative humidity.
- Temperature options should range from 68 to 25 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Relative humidity options should range from 20 to 50 percent.
- Class A three- and four-hour National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) fire ratings.
- Advanced gaseous fire suppression systems to eliminate the risk of water damage.
- Multiple levels of security, including 24/7 access control.
- Computerised transaction control systems that provide flexible access and chain-of-custody control to ensure security.
- Optional low particulate and contaminant environments via high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) and gas filtration.
Done properly, such storage solutions minimise risk by using approaches to preservation that are well understood, documented, and have proven successful time and again.
It is absolutely essential that you measure any vital records storage solution against the prior list. After all, when it comes to that irreplaceable five percent of records that are vital to your organisation, it’s an investment you simply cannot afford to overlook.
Traditional storage solutions
Advantages | Disadvantages |
Improve business continuity with secure, offsite records storage. | Inadequate environmental controls—temperature and humidity levels—don’t offer the protection needed for long-term record preservation and/or protection against the risk of mold and mildew in certain climates. |
Reduce the costs associated with storing and administering records onsite. | More susceptible to disasters, such as fire, earthquakes, tornadoes, and hurricanes. |
Provide 24/7 access to records. |
|
May include:
|
Vital records storage solutions
Advantages | Disadvantages |
All of the advantages of traditional storage solutions, plus:
|
More costly than traditional storage, but that cost must be weighed against the risks associated with the loss of improperly stored vital records. |
Implementing your vital records program
When it comes to vital records, every organisation has three options:
- Do nothing. Vital records are treated the same as standard records. They are accessible… for now, maybe. This is the least-expensive and highest-risk alternative.
- Create a partial plan. Some records are protected with various solutions, such as duplication, dispersal, and controlled storage. This hit-or-miss approach may actually incur more risk because some people and areas of the organisation are afforded more protection than others.
- Develop a clear vital records program. Records are identified, assessed, and protected using the approaches identified in this white paper. This option takes a strong corporate and financial commitment, yet it reduces risk and maximises protection for the organisation in the long term.
To develop a successful vital records program—and protect that small percent of records your organisation cannot function without—take the following steps:
- Identify. Using your organisation’s mission as a guide, determine which records are truly vital.
- Assess. Evaluate the materials these records are composed of and their current condition.
- Research. Given the materials and their condition, investigate the best approaches and optimal conditions for long-term preservation.
- Document. Identify the processes, develop the associated business case, and obtain organisational buy-in to ensure support for long-term vital records preservation.
- Protect. Implement your vital records program,
including:
- Protective storage using the most secure, environmentally safe, and economical means.
- Duplication and/or dispersal with geographic separation.
- Reassess. Continually monitor program effectiveness and periodically revisit your mission to ensure that vital records are identified in light of ongoing changes.
The lack of a sound vital records preservation program can be a real Achilles’ heel for an organisation—exposing it to considerable financial, compliance, and business continuity risks, as well as potential damage to its reputation. There’s also a huge potential to miss out on long-term business opportunities that cannot yet be envisioned.
No one can predict the future, but there’s a strong case to be made for preserving the untapped potential in your vital records. What’s needed is a careful comparison of the business impact and risks from doing nothing to the mitigation costs associated with a well-designed and properly executed vital records management and storage program. By taking a proactive approach to vital records identification and protection, forward-thinking organisations are making a sound investment in the future that can pay off in the decades, and even centuries, to come. Be a visionary: preserve your vital records.
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